Who is Rosa Parks

Biography of Rosa Parks

Rosa Louise McCauley Parks was born on February 4, 1913 in Tuskegee, Alabama.  She was an African-American civil rights activist. The U.S. Congress called Rosa Parks "the first lady of civil rights" and "the mother of the freedom movement"

Act of defiance

When her parents divorced, she moved to Montgomery where she had to deal with segregation and laws she did not agree with. She married a barber, Raymond Parks and was very active in the NAACP and the Montgomery Voters League.  On December 1, 1955, in Montgomery, Alabama, Parks refused to obey bus driver James F. Blake's order that she give up her seat in the colored section to a white passenger, after the white section was filled.
This act of defiance and the Montgomery Bus Boycott became important symbols of the modern Civil Rights Movement. She became an international icon of resistance to racial segregation. She organized and collaborated with civil rights leaders, including Edgar Nixon, president of the local chapter of the NAACP; and Dr. Martin Luther King, Jr., a new minister in town who gained national prominence in the civil rights movement.
Although widely honored in later years, she also suffered for her act; she was fired from her job as a seamstress in a local department store. Later, she moved to Detroit, Michigan, where she briefly found similar work. From 1965 to 1988 she served as secretary and receptionist to John Conyers, an African-American U.S. Representative. After retirement, Parks wrote her autobiography, and lived a largely private life in Detroit. In her final years, she suffered from dementia.